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What was philosopher William Kingdon Clifford's sociotype? His most famous book, The Ethics of Belief,is about how people are morally responsible to take actions based on beliefs that are thoroughly investigated. If a man who owns an old rickety ship manages to convince himself that his boat doesn't need repairs before it sends off that man is morally responsible for the deaths of the passengers whether or not the passengers die. Here are some quotes:
"No real belief, however trifling and fragmentary it may seem, is ever truly insignificant; it prepares us to receive more of its like, confirms those which resembled it before, and weakens others; and so gradually it lays a stealthy train in our inmost thoughts, which may someday explode into overt action, and leave its stamp upon our character for ever."
"To sum up: it is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence. If a man, holding a belief which he was taught in childhood or persuaded of afterwards, keeps down and pushes away any doubts which arise about it in his mind, purposely avoids the reading of books and the company of men that call into question or discuss it, and regards as impious those questions which cannot easily be asked without disturbing it--the life of that man is one long sin against mankind.""The goodness and greatness of a man do not justify us in accepting a belief upon the warrant of his authority, unless there are reasonable grounds for supposing that he knew the truth of what he was saying. And there can be no grounds for supposing that a man knows that which we, without ceasing to be men, could not be supposed to verify."
"We may believe what goes beyond our experience, only when it is inferred from that experience by the assumption that what we do not know is like what we know. We may believe the statement of another person, when there is reasonable ground for supposing that he knows the matter of which he speaks, and that he is speaking the truth so far as he knows it. It is wrong in all cases to believe on insufficient evidence; and where it is presumption to doubt and to investigate, there it is worse than presumption to believe."
My initial thoughts point towards bold introversion. The idea that things should be highly considered before they are acted upon, that a person's internal beliefs is more important than the action itself, and the strong sense I'm getting from both :Fi: and :Ti:. I'm not sure how else to characterize him though. William James would later criticize Clifford's doxastic logic as being too strict and unpragmatic.
What was philosopher William Kingdon Clifford's sociotype? His most famous book, The Ethics of Belief,is about how people are morally responsible to take actions based on beliefs that are thoroughly investigated. If a man who owns an old rickety ship manages to convince himself that his boat doesn't need repairs before it sends off that man is morally responsible for the deaths of the passengers whether or not the passengers die. Here are some quotes:
"No real belief, however trifling and fragmentary it may seem, is ever truly insignificant; it prepares us to receive more of its like, confirms those which resembled it before, and weakens others; and so gradually it lays a stealthy train in our inmost thoughts, which may someday explode into overt action, and leave its stamp upon our character for ever."
"To sum up: it is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence. If a man, holding a belief which he was taught in childhood or persuaded of afterwards, keeps down and pushes away any doubts which arise about it in his mind, purposely avoids the reading of books and the company of men that call into question or discuss it, and regards as impious those questions which cannot easily be asked without disturbing it--the life of that man is one long sin against mankind.""The goodness and greatness of a man do not justify us in accepting a belief upon the warrant of his authority, unless there are reasonable grounds for supposing that he knew the truth of what he was saying. And there can be no grounds for supposing that a man knows that which we, without ceasing to be men, could not be supposed to verify."
"We may believe what goes beyond our experience, only when it is inferred from that experience by the assumption that what we do not know is like what we know. We may believe the statement of another person, when there is reasonable ground for supposing that he knows the matter of which he speaks, and that he is speaking the truth so far as he knows it. It is wrong in all cases to believe on insufficient evidence; and where it is presumption to doubt and to investigate, there it is worse than presumption to believe."
My initial thoughts point towards bold introversion. The idea that things should be highly considered before they are acted upon, that a person's internal beliefs is more important than the action itself, and the strong sense I'm getting from both :Fi: and :Ti:. I'm not sure how else to characterize him though. William James would later criticize Clifford's doxastic logic as being too strict and unpragmatic.